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KMID : 0613820190290040436
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Journal of Life Science
2019 Volume.29 No. 4 p.436 ~ p.441
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Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanol Extracts from Leaf, Seed, and Seedpod of Nelumbo nucifera
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Lee Eun-Joo
Seo Yu-Mi
Kim Yong-Hyun
Chung Chung-Wook
Sung Hwa-Jung
Sohn Ho-Yong
Park Jong-Yi
Kim Jong-Sik
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Abstract
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Nelumbo nucifera, also known as sacred lotus, has mainly been used as a food throughout the Asian countries. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extracts from leaf (NL), seed (NS), and seedpod (NSP) of Nelumbo nucifera and investigated their anti-inflammatory activities in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of NL, NS, and NSP, nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. NL, NS, and NSP significantly reduced NO production in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viabilities. NL, NS, and NSP dramatically decreased the protein expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS and COX-2. NL, NS, and NSP also suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 indicating they have their anti-inflammatory activities via regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. In addition, we analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the treatment of NL, NS, and NSP. All extracts reduced ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. And also, they increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression and the nuclear translocation of nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2). In conclusion, our results suggest that Nelumbo nucifera has its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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KEYWORD
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Anti-inflammation, MAPK, Nelumbo nucifera, NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1
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